Stuck in the Grey Zone
- Economic data points to robust growth and persistence of inflation
- Bonds price recession – investor worry building in high yield spreads
- Dollar weakness has helped gold to push higher
- Emerging market may see the earlier peak in policy rates and be the first to benefit from a cut in rates
Gary Dugan
The Global CIO Office
Recent economic data have neither painted a picture of exuberance nor of utter despondency. Investors looking for emphatic evidence of one scenario or the other to emerge have been in a bit of a quagmire—it is neither the black nor the white but the grey zone where they find themselves in.
Economic data is screaming anything but recession
When the year began, talks of a probable recession began to gain greater momentum, unnerving market participants. As the year progressed, though, economic data out at different intervals didn’t quite signal that any major economy or region was on the cusp of a recession. The US April non-farm payrolls data released last week is a case in point: at 253,000, it was far more robust than expectations of 180,000, surprising the market. Add to that a record low level of unemployment at 3.4% and it is proof enough that the economy is showing signs of resilience. Granted that the downward revision to the previous month’s data took the gloss off the report, but in aggregate it hardly signals an imminent recession in the world’s largest economy.
Although the pace of global growth may have come down, but it is still quite evident. Indeed, JP Morgan estimates that the global economy is still cruising along at a decent pace of 3.3% this quarter. As we pointed out last week, some industrial sentiment indices have picked up again in the past month.
The global economic surprise index has fallen back for the G10 countries but has reached new highs for China (Chart 1). Nevertheless, many have been disappointed at the pace of the Chinese economy’s recovery, but we ask investors to be patient. China suffered an extraordinary lockdown over an extended period. It will take time for the economy to regenerate. In the balance of the year, China should provide a new source of growth momentum.
Chart 1: Global Economic Growth Surprise Indices
Inflation is not at its peak, but it does not look likely to retreat quietly into the central banks’ target zones anytime soon. The inflation surprise index has been falling sharply, although this monthly data series will still need to pick up the stronger-than-expected eurozone CPI announced last week. Eurozone inflation rose back to 7.0% for April, marginally ahead of expectations. Developed market inflation was still running at 5% in the first quarter, still way ahead of central bank targets. Inflation may not be running as hot as it was last year, but there is no sign yet that it is getting anywhere close to a level that would comfort policy makers.
Chart 2: G4 Inflation Surprise Index down but not Out
Central bankers might pause interest rate hikes, but no one can emphatically say they are already done with it.
Last week, the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank each increased interest rates by 25bps. Despite the raise, though, they signalled that they are open to hitting the pause button going forward. The Fed is likely to pause earlier; the ECB appears to have more groundwork to do, particularly given the lingering high inflation.
In the market’s eyes it is not about when and whether the Fed will pause its rate increases but it is more about when it will start cutting and how quickly and how far. The market currently prices that the Fed will cut rates by 100bps over the course of the balance of the year (Chart 3).
Chart 3: Market Expectations for Fed Funds rate in January 2024
Given the market expectations that the Fed could cut rates aggressively towards the end of 2023, the US dollar has remained under pressure pushing gold prices higher. Gold’s move to $2062 per oz intra-day on 4 May led to some profit-taking, but then one feels that the market is setting up for a marked move higher based on further dollar weakness. Comments from Warren Buffet that the “incredible” period of growth that the US witnessed could be behind it is just another voice suggesting the best years are behind the US and the dollar.
Chart 4: Dollar Weakness stirring the Gold Price to new Heights
Bond markets have been in their own grey zone, still waiting to be convinced that inflation will prove to be a consistent problem. The US 10-year yield was virtually unchanged on the week at 3.43%, after having traded as low as 3.33% and down from the 3.60% level just a few weeks back. In the high-yield market, we are seeing a more consistent sell-off with spreads almost consistently higher. The ongoing challenges in the small and medium-size banks have been a catalyst for greater investor conviction that whether it is an economic growth recession or tightening credit conditions due to a financial crisis, more challenging times are certainly ahead for credit. High yield spreads have moved out to some of the higher levels in weeks with a risk that a US high yield spread of 470bps could quickly move out to the year-to-date high of 516bps.
Equity markets were mixed on the week, although even with a strong showing on Friday US equity markets failed to end the week higher. We prefer to keep our exposure in developed markets with particular focus on the Japanese and European markets.
We remain positive on the emerging markets despite some concerns about the lack of follow-through in Chinese equities. Economists have mixed views on the path of interest rates in the developed world. Still, there is a greater conviction that rates will peak earlier in the emerging world, allowing equity markets in these countries to rally handsomely over the coming year. We look to add to our China, ASEAN, and India exposures into any marked weakness.
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